An Approach to solve Artificial Intelligence 8 queens puzzle with pen and paper, and mind. Tag, Genetic Algorithm.

Just for fun, was thinking about this on my way home:
(**Not related to Network Security, but this term I take an Intro to AI class**)


8 queens puzzle

( 7 4 2 8 6 1 3 5 )
( 3 5 7 1 4 2 8 6 )
( 4 2 8 6 1 3 5 7 )
( 5 7 1 4 2 8 6 3 )

I've found that it's possible to find at least 3 combinations of solution within 5 minutes using only pen and paper, and your mind.

By applying the following conditions:

1. The position 1th-8th must be given each a unique number. (This is to avoid vertical or horizontal attacks)
2. Given any position number 'x', and another position number 'y'
and 'i' is the displacement between 'x' and 'y'
This condition must always be true: i != | x - y |
(This is to avoid the diagonal attack)

No brainer method:

1. First just avoid the diagonal attacks between each pair that has 1 displacement.
2. Just swap around you will find the answer soon enough.
3. I notice the pattern of [4 2 8 6 | 1 3 5 7] to be very useful.

Afterthought:

Would it contribute to the speed of finding a solution when applying this method as a criteria in GA?

or

Would the calculation that comes with this method slow down the process?

Sweet wireshark 802.11 coloring rules.

Click here to Download.

Credit to 'frdy' from Kismet forum.

Wireless Adapter TL-WN7200ND with Kismet and OpenWRT Router TL-WDR4300

Hi,

I bought a wireless adapter TP-Link TL-WN7200ND today.

Features:

1. I'm able to run it in Backtrack with injection mode and monitor mode just fine.

2. I can also use it as another wifi-interface on my router TP-Link TL-WDR4300, set it to monitor mode and use it to transmit packets that the kismet drone captured, parallely with the built in 2.4GHz band interface.

3. It can be used as another attached AP as well with a very high Tx transmitting power 500mW, creating semi-trio band router for TL-WDR4300 (opposed to the original dual bands 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz, now we have two 2.4 GHz and one 5GHz). Thus, We will cover these below.

Technical Infos:

• Wireless Standards: IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11b
• Frequency: 2.400-2.4835GHz
• 20dBm (EIRP, For countries using CE Standards) 100mW
• 27dBm (EIRP, For countries using FCC Standards) 500mW
• kismet drone ncsource type=rt2870sta (/etc/kismet/kismet_drone.conf)
• Chipset: Ralink RT3070

A. How to get it to work with Backtrack

I won't say much but just have a look at this page. Search on that page for the word 'Bolivia'. ;)

B. How to get it to work with an OpenWRT router

So after plugging it in to the robust TL-WDR4300 router running Attitude Adjustment 12.09rc1 (Yours could be a different router, or a different version of OpenWRT firmware), you should install these packages.

opkg update
opkg install kmod-rt2800-lib kmod-rt2800-usb kmod-rt2x00-lib kmod-rt2x00-usb

Now use the command 'wifi detect' to let the router know the existence of your new adapter.

Please test to see what the command prints first, because we are going to merge the result with our existing /etc/config/wireless

cd ~
wifi detect > newwifi
cat newifi

it should display:

config wifi-device  radio2
    option type     mac80211
    option channel  11
    option macaddr    6F:79:AA:BB:CC:D2
    option hwmode    11ng
    option htmode    HT20
    list ht_capab    GF
    list ht_capab    SHORT-GI-20
    list ht_capab    SHORT-GI-40
    list ht_capab    RX-STBC1
    # REMOVE THIS LINE TO ENABLE WIFI:
    option disabled 1 #(You might want to put this to 0)

config wifi-iface
    option device   radio2
    option network  lan
    option mode     ap
    option ssid     OpenWrt
    option encryption none

If so you are good to go, so type in these commands to merge the result with the existing /etc/config/wireless:

wifi detect >> /etc/config/wireless


Next, reboot your router, and you should have another Wifi AP running, you can double check with the LuCI web UI in the wifi section.

Now you have got yourself a Trio bands router :D !!

C. How to use it to pass captured packets from Kismet Drone.
If you haven't a clue yet what this is, please check this page: here.
(It will tell you what Kismet is, and how to edit the .conf files in general)

So go to the /etc/kismet/kismet_drone.conf

The only line you need to add or change is this:

ncsource=wlan2:type=rt2870sta

Notice the type=rt2870sta 

(Look at this from the Documentation page at Kismet for other types section 7)

You can also run 2 ncsources with a kismet drone at once, I have tested and I think it works together. (If somehow one source fails, the other would still continue to work, no worries.)

So after running this command it should show something this:

kismet_drone

Notes:

Thanks for reading, I'm happy that the traffic to my blog increases alot, although no one's ever commented :( haha. I'm not driven to get attention but if you think some of these posts are useful to you, please comment or +1 for me, it would mean so much....

And if I ever make any mistake, please kindly correct, or positively criticize at will :)


Coming next: Integration of OpenWRT + Kismet + Snort

References:

https://gpuhash.com/?menu=en-articles-view-2
(To help fix the low Tx power issue)

http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/wireless/remote-access-point-ids_33914
(Best paper yet for my research)

http://www.andrewklau.com/openwrt-and-a-4-usb-wifi-adapter/
(OpenWRT and kmod-2800-usb)

Running Kismet on OpenWRT with TP-Link TL-WDR4300 and Backtrack 5 R3

After learning approximately 3 days I have got Kismet to work. I can't put blame on anyone but myself but I'd have to say that much of the content of the outdated guides on the Internet often do not apply anymore. Here are a few details, tips + tricks on what I have learned and notice that people often miss.





Tools Info: (Yours could definitely be different)
Hardware: TP-Link TL-WDR4300 (With OpenWRT Attitude Adjustment 12.09rc1 firmware)
Server OS: Backtrack 5 R3 (not the safest way, but able to run Kismet for now)
Kismet Drone: version 2010-07-R1-
Kismet Server + Client: version 2011-03-R2



1. Kismet versions compatibility:
Kismet drones since the version=newcore.1 are designed to be forward compatible, as long as it's newer than 2009 version. So even if the newer Kismet server versions (say 2010 or 2011) are used, you should be able to connect your Kismet server to the drone in your router.

2. Router Wireless card MONITOR mode: (ssh to your router)
If your router supports monitor mode, you might as well set it to the monitor mode to begin with even before running Kismet. This can be done by configuring the file in your router at /etc/config/wireless, or on the LuCi web UI.

config wifi-iface       
        option device   radio0
        option network  lan  
        option mode     monitor
        option ssid     OpenWrt
     #option encryption none   ##comment or delete this line if it exists##

3. Kismet drone config file: (ssh to your router)

The config file should be at /etc/kismet/kismet_drone.conf or you could just run this command to find where it is:

cd /
find -name kismet_drone.conf

'ncsource' parameters
Notably, most new beginners would have problems with 'ncsource' parameters, and may fall short on searching for answers on the internet. Mostly you'd find outdated guides that still use the old 'source' and not the new 'ncsource', they are different entirely!!! (well not that entirely).

So what you'd need to do is:

Try to see what type of your wireless network interface card(WNIC) on your router is by command 'iwconfig' or 'iw info wlan0'. Then consult the Kismet readme page (Documentation) in section 5 and 7.

Basically you'd need to use smth like 'ncsource=wlan0:type=[yourcardtype]'
ex. 'ncsource=wlan0:type=ath9k'
ex. 'ncsource=wlan0:type=ath9k,forcevap=false,hop=false,channel=5'

where 'forcevap' is not needed because we have already put the WNIC into monitor mode, it would take away the annoying error message.

'hop' could be set to false for WNICs those don't support channel hopping.

'channel' just specifies a channel to detect traffic on.

The newer versions of drone are written to auto-detect the types but sometimes they don't so you might need to specify. Even sometimes, I have heard, they falsely detect your WNIC for another type which would reduce the performance of Kismet.

When you run kismet_drone on your router, you can specify option -f to locate your kismet_drone.conf file. Because some people might install kismet on their usb instead of into the Flash memory of router.

~#: kismet_drone -f /mnt/usb/etc/kismet/kismet_drone.conf

When you run it, you might see some error messages but they are okay as long as it's not a "FATAL ERROR: Blah blah blah" with a capitol F.




4. Kismet Server config file: (on your linux server)
The newer versions of Kismet omit the kismet_client.conf file and merge it with kismet.conf (server config file) which could be found at either /etc/kismet/kismet.conf (on Ubuntu it's here) or /usr/local/etc/kismet.conf (on BT5 it's here).


For kismet server: I just use 'ncsource=drone:host=[routerIP],port=[kismetDronelistenPortOnRouter]'
ex. 'ncsource=drone:host=10.0.0.1,port=2502'

NOTE: Notice the colon after 'drone' it is not a comma!!!

For futher info, please refer to the Kismet readme page (Documentation) in section 5 and 7.

5. Keep getting ERROR: Could not connect to Kismet server 'localhost:2501'

This problem happens for some when trying to connect kismet client with kismet server.

Here, some suggests to add this line to your server /etc/hosts file:

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

(But on BT5 R3 I already have it in there)

Sometimes the problem is just this.
For the time being I learn that you wouldn't need to start another terminal for 'kismet_server' to run. You only need to run 'kismet', and a gui will pop-up, in there you can start a server and it will auto connect with the kismet client.



Last Notes:

I find this paper to be extremely helpful and most up-to-date, it's written by laserpad of the Kismet community. (Thank you)

http://www.giac.org/paper/gcih/18158/remote-access-point-ids/115738 [pdf]

Other than that, I would suggest sticking with the Kismet Documentation which is very resourceful by itself.

Please kindly leave suggestions and comments, I might write a more complete version of this later when I learn more about kismet for beginners who struggle to get Kismet to run. Thanks!

OpenWrt Kismet and Kernel 2.6 on WRT54GL

The site here contains the most up-to-date instructions to install Kismet drone on the WRT54G series

http://www.supertechguy.com/help/security/kismet-drone

It suggests that:

" If a build with the Linux 2.6 kernel is available for your hardware, you should use it."

It took me after a while to figure how to upgrade OpenWrt from linux kernel 2.4 to 2.6, luckily it turned out that everything is already in the wiki page on OpenWrt website, but not very obvious.

What you'd need to do to upgrade to kernel 2.6 is to upgrade OpenWrt firmware image by just flashing on the LuCI web GUI with this Broadcom47xx image:

http://downloads.openwrt.org/backfire/10.03.1/brcm47xx/openwrt-brcm47xx-squashfs.trx

Now I have 2.6 kernel with Kismet-drone installed, with 232.00 KB left in the Flash ROM.



[Note: I have tried to run Kismet drone on TP-LINK TL-WDR4300 today, so far no luck. Possibly I still don't know how to configure the ncsource in /etc/kismet/kismet_drone.conf]

Any suggestions/comments would be much appreciated.

Installing packages into USB on TL-WDR4300 OpenWRT

   

    Subsequently of my buying TP-LINK TL-WDR4300 router, due to the good old Linksys WRT54GL hasn't enough FLASH/RAM/CPU, the first thing I did was to try installing OpenWRT on it.

   Turned out that it was easier than I thought, you could just flash Attitude Adjustment 12.09rc1 from the web GUI of the factory firmware. Detailed instruction here for where to download the image.

   Secondly I installed packages required for using USB storage, this process was simple enough if you understand how to format your usb to specific preferred filesystems (ext2,3,4) I use gparted [just sudo apt-get install gparted, on a debian dist]. VFAT and NTFS are not agreeably supported due to their slowness, such and such. Also to my understanding, you'd need ext2,3,4 filesystems if you were to install packages on them.

Steps:

1.) USB storage required packages
2.) How to install (other) packages to your USB device

What I've learned:

There are three files you need to configure in order for this to work every time even after a router reboot. 

• /etc/config/fstab  (this is my configuration):

  config mount                    
        option target   /mnt/usb  # Don't forget to mkdir -p /mnt/usb first
        option device   /dev/sda1
        option fstype   ext2  
        option options  rw,sync
        option enabled  1     
        option enabled_fsck 0

• /etc/profile : [These three lines are preferably added below the existing export(s)]

export USB=/mnt/usb
export PATH=$PATH:$USB/usr/bin:$USB/usr/sbin # This PATH is dependent on existing $PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$USB/lib:$USB/usr/lib

• /etc/opkg.conf : [Just change this line]

dest usb /mnt/usb
# this is to indicate that there is a destination you'd like to install your packages to named "usb"

    Now with all that done, insert your usb (up to this point I assume that you must have installed the packages required in the first step).

To start using the usb run:

root@router~#: /etc/init.d/fstab start

To auto-mount usb to fstab every time the router starts(or restarts) run:

root@router~#: /etc/init.d/fstab enable

You might as well want to source the /etc/profile so that the paths can be used instantly:
root@router~#: source /etc/profile



Then run these commands to update and install packages

opkg update
opkg install -d usb PACKAGENAME

Well that should do it. After a few poking around, I have now python2.7 able to run from my router.
Note that you'd better check that your USB functions well and isn't damaged.



Have fun!

Senior project initiation

Senior project initiated.

Goal: Intrusion Detection (and prevention) System.

Technologies and tools to be used:

• OpenWRT (Backfire 10.01 and Attitude Adjustment 12.09rc1)
• Linksys WRT54GL and TP-LINK TL-WDR4300 routers.
• USB Wireless Adapter TP-LINK TL-WN7200ND
• Linux server ~[bt/ububtu]
• Kismet
• Snort (For testing rules, as ids)
• tcpreplay (for testing rules, using sample_data.tcpdump to generate connections)
• Python
• scapy (Packet manipulator)
• wireshark (packet analyzer)
• nmap (port scanner)
• pypy (speeds up python)
• python-deap library V0.9 (For Evolutionary Algorithms)
• Genetic Algorithm/Genetic Programming

Good luck.